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Fort Keogh is a former United States Army post located on the western edge of today's Miles City, Montana. It is situated on the south bank of the Yellowstone River, at the mouth of the Tongue River. In the wake of the Battle of the Little Bighorn, Colonel Nelson A. Miles, commanding the 5th Infantry Regiment, founded the post in August, 1876 as a base for patrols to prevent the Cheyenne and Sioux involved in the battle from escaping to Canada. It was originally called Tongue River Cantonment for two years. When relocated 1 mile west in 1878, it was renamed Fort Keogh in honor of Captain Myles Keogh, who died at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. In 1877 the fort became the headquarters for the newly created military district, the District of the Yellowstone (a sub-unit of the Department of Dakota), commanded by Miles. Today the former military post is a United States Department of Agriculture livestock and range research station. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher =National Register of Historic Places )〕 The development of Fort Keogh as a military installation soon stimulated traders to supply the liquor and other service businesses that were the beginning of Miles City. ==The need for a military fort== Shortly after the defeat of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn on June 25, 1876, the Army sent the 5th U. S. Infantry Regiment, under the command of Nelson A. Miles, from Nebraska to the plains of Eastern Montana to establish a military fort. The order for development of the fort was signed on August 28, 1876. The Army's intended use for its garrison at the post was to reduce warfare by the American Indians in the region and to persuade them to resettle on reservations. Colonel David S. Stanley had originally scouted the first site of the fort during the Yellowstone Expedition of 1873. He thought the location would be good for supplying troops throughout the region. But, the Army did not decide to build the fort until after Custer's overwhelming defeat at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. As the US and developers planned to bring the Great Northern Railway to the region, the US Army was assigned to survey the land and develop maps. The troops came into contact with two tribes of Indians, the Lakota (Sioux) and the Crow. The Sioux had pushed the Crow west of their traditional lands as they moved west, in response to European-American settlers encroaching on Sioux territory. Resentful of the Sioux, the Crow frequently allied with the Army and served as scouts to its expeditions.〔 General Miles established the "Cantonment Tongue River" at the confluence of the north-flowing Tongue River and the east-flowing Yellowstone River. The site would provide easy access to boats bringing supplies up the Yellowstone. The original cantonment was referred to by several names during its first two years: New Post on the Yellowstone, Cantonment on Tongue River, and Tongue River Barracks, before the Army officially named it Fort Keogh on November 8, 1878.〔 Miles was a well-respected as a leader, not only by his troops, but among the Indians as well. Promising fair treatment and better lives to the Native Americans, Miles gradually persuaded the Indian nations to settle on the reservations. Not all the nations surrendered immediately. Miles went to battle against the holdouts with his troops, including during the extreme cold of winter. The Sioux and Crow bands migrated through wide areas in the Montana Territory, and troops were engaged in battle with them hundreds of miles from the fort. When the 5th Infantry left the fort in 1888, the 22nd Infantry Regiment (which had had several companies stationed there since 1876), took over the garrison, and the regimental headquarters with the entire regiment were moved to the post in 1888 and would remain until 1896. (A website on the 22nd Infantry also offers a link to a downloadable thesis, ''Fort Keogh: Cutting Edge of a Culture'', by Josef James Warhank, that chronicles the fort's complete military history.) In 1888, Company H, of the 8th U.S. Cavalry arrived to garrison at Keogh after marching from Fort Davis, New Mexico, and Company L, of the 8th Cavalry joined the garrison after marching from Fort Hancock, Texas. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Fort Keogh」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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